The first thing to know, before entering fully into the establishment of the meaning of the term biomolecules, is its etymological origin. In this case, we can say that it is the result of the sum of two clearly defined components:
-The Greek noun "bios", which can be translated as "life".
-The Latin word molecule. This is the result of the union of the name "moles", which is equivalent to "mass", and the Latin suffix "-culum", which is used to indicate "tool or instrument".
It is known as biomolecules to those molecules that constitute living organisms. A molecule, meanwhile, is the smallest unit of a substance that maintains its chemical properties.
He oxygen , he hydrogen , he carbon , he nitrogen , he sulfur and the match are the bioelements (the chemical elements that a living being needs to develop normally) the most common of biomolecules. These chemical elements allow covalent and multiple bonds to be established, allow carbon atoms to develop three-dimensional skeletons and give rise to multiple functional groups.
Other interesting facts about biomolecules are the following:
-They have their origin in the first half of the 20th century. And it was in 1922 when the Russian scientist Aleksandr I. Oparin unveiled his theory about the origin of the world and also of the first biomolecules. It was a biologist and chemist who used his knowledge of geology and even astronomy to develop his hypothesis, which has been a basic pillar in science.
-If you consider what is the degree of complexity of the structure of biomolecules there are four different types: metabolic intermediates, macromolecules, precursors and structural units.
-Numerous are the functions that biomolecules have and that make them essential in the life of the human being. Thus, they can since allow the proper functioning of the organs of the body, such as improving the defense of the organism, passing through ensuring that it has the necessary energy for day to day.
Biomolecules can be divided into organic and inorganic. The organic biomolecules they have a structure whose base is carbon and are synthesized by living organisms. The protein , the vitamins , the carbohydrates , the lipids and the nucleic acids They are organic biomolecules.
The inorganic biomolecules , on the other hand, are present both in living organisms and in inert elements that are necessary for subsistence. He Water (H2O) is an example of inorganic biomolecule.
They are called primary metabolites to biomolecules that participate in essential vital processes. Ribose, glucose, B vitamins and fructose are among the main primary metabolites.
The secondary metabolites On the other hand, they come from the biomolecules that are part of the primary metabolites, developing functions that complement the essential ones. Among them we can name the alkaloids , the terpenes and the polyketides . It can be said that secondary metabolites are organic compounds that the organism synthesized and that are not fundamental in development and reproduction .
